Under Noor Wali Mehsud’s leadership (since 2017), the TTP has restructured into a shadow government with ministries, Wilayahs (provinces), and a strict Code of Conduct.

The group’s financial system is highly organized, relying on extortion (5-20% of earnings), smuggling, and kidnapping, regulated by an Operational Code to prevent abuse.

Propaganda has expanded from military glorification to socio-political messaging, including magazines, podcasts, and video series, targeting public grievances .

The Afghan Taliban’s takeover in 2021 strengthened the TTP, which now operates from Afghanistan but focuses on cross-border attacks in Pakistan .

Peace talks (2021-2022) failed over demands to reverse FATA’s merger and reject the Durand Line, leading to escalated violence .

The TTP avoids separatist rhetoric but frames itself as an alternative governance model, aligning with Pashtun grievances and anti-state narratives .

Despite military crackdowns, the TTP thrives by exploiting political instability, corruption, and weak border control .

Narratives

1. The TTP transformed from fragmented factions into a hierarchical, Taliban-like governance structure under Noor Wali Mehsud, ensuring operational efficiency.

2. A formalized financial system sustains the group through diversified illicit revenue, with strict Sharia-based rules to curb internal exploitation.

3. T he TTP’s media strategy shifted from militant glorification to political engagement, positioning itself as a viable alternative to Pakistan’s government.

4. Post-2021, the TTP leveraged Afghan Taliban support, using Afghanistan as a base while avoiding direct conflict with Kabul’s interests.

5. Pakistan’s attempts at peace deals collapsed due to irreconcilable demands, pushing the TTP toward intensified insurgency.

6. The group capitalizes on ethnic (Pashtun), political (anti-military), and economic (borderland neglect) discontent to expand influence.

7. Without addressing root causes (governance, border disputes, political alienation), the TTP will continue destabilizing Pakistan-Afghanistan relations.